Abstract: Although most mammals experience rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the primary function of REM sleep is still debatable. Current data show that aquatic mammals have absent or reduced REM sleep and that semi-aquatic mammals have reduced REM sleep when in water. A few theories have been proposed to explain this reduction in REM sleep in aquatic species...

Abstract: Background: Autoimmunity has been proposed as a cause of narcolepsy. A few studies have assessed comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with narcolepsy, with conflicting results; however, no study has assessed autoimmune diseases in Arab narcolepsy patients. This study aimed to assess the coexistence of immune-mediated conditions such as allergies...

Abstract: Background: Only a limited amount of data is available from lower-income countries regarding the prevalence of poor quality of sleep. This meta-analysis of the scientific literature was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality in the Ethiopian population. Methods: The study protocol followed was the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement...

Abstract: This review describes the characteristics of a number of pathologies, which are considered from the point of view of chronobiology, that is, the way in which biological processes are expressed throughout the 24-hour day. This perspective is a relatively new way of thinking about disease and additionally about how to treat diseases...

Abstract: Objective: Truck drivers represent a group at a particularly higher risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Sleepy driving and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among truck drivers are major risk factors for MVAs. No study has assessed the prevalence of sleepy driving and risk of OSA among truck drivers in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess sleepy driving and risk of OSA among these truck drivers...

Abstract: Patient–ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is common in patients receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This occurs primarily when the triggering and cycling-off of ventilatory assistance are not synchronized with the patient’s inspiratory efforts, and could result in increased work of breathing and NIV failure...

Abstract: Purpose: This case-control study assessed the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Arab (Saudi) patients with narcolepsy using a structured clinical interview. Methods: The study included 74 adult patients with narcolepsy and 265 controls matched for age and sex. Narcolepsy diagnosis was made according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition...

Abstract: OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the reader will be able to: 1. Define terms that pertain to sleep and sleep pharmacology 2. Describe sleep, its individual stages, and their electrophysiologic correlates 3. Comprehend the basic neurophysiologic mechanisms that promote brain arousal and wakefulness 4...

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